An Eco-Evolutionary Framework for Hosts and Their Microbiomes

Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. 9 Perinatal Research Initiative, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. 10 School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA. 11 University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. 12 The Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. 13 Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, D-24306 Plön, Germany. 14 Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, D15 24105 Kiel, Germany. 16 Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. 17 Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic 18 Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 19 Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA. 20 Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. 21 History and Philosophy of Science Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. 22 Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada. 23 Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR6553 EcoBio, F-35042 Rennes, France. 24 Independent Scholar, Rachavat Ilan St., Givat Shmuel 51905, Israel. 25 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. 26 Departments of Biological Sciences and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, 27 Nashville, TN 37225, USA. 28 29